The Basics of Vertebrate Evolution

Vertebrates  are a well-known group of animals that includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. The defining characteristic of vertebrates is their backbone, an anatomical feature that first appeared in the fossil record about 500 million years ago during the Ordovician period. Here are various groups of vertebrates in the order in which they evolved. Jawless Fish (Agnatha) The first vertebrates were the jawless fish. These fish-like animals had hard bony plates that covered their bodies, and as their name implies, they did not have jaws. Additionally, these early fish lacked paired fins. The jawless fish are thought to have relied on filter-feeding to capture their food, and most likely would have sucked water and debris from the seafloor into their mouth, releasing water and waste through their gills. The jawless fish that lived during the Ordovician period all became  extinct by the end of the Devonian period. While there are still some species of fish that lack jaws (such as lampreys, and hagfish), these modern-day jawless species are not direct survivors of the Class Agnatha, but are instead distant cousins of the cartilaginous fish. Armored Fish (Placodermi) The armored fish evolved during the Silurian period. Like their predecessors, they too lacked jawbones but did possess paired fins. The armored fish diversified during the Devonian period but declined and fell into extinction by the end of the Permian period. Cartilaginous Fish (Chondrichthyes) Cartilaginous fish, which include sharks, skates, and rays, evolved during the Silurian period. Cartilaginous fish have skeletons composed of cartilage rather than  bone. They also differ from other fish in that they lack swim bladders and lungs. Bony Fish (Osteichthyes) Bony fish first arose during the late Silurian period. The majority of modern fish belong to this group. (Note that some classification schemes recognize the Class Actinopterygii rather than  Osteichthyes.) Bony fish diverged into two groups: one that evolved into modern fish and one that evolved into lungfish, lobe-finned fish, and fleshy-finned fish. The fleshy-finned fish gave rise to the amphibians. Amphibians (Amphibia) Amphibians were the first vertebrates to venture  onto land. Early amphibians retained many fish-like characteristics but diversified  during the Carboniferous period. They retained close ties to water, however, requiring moist environments to keep their skin damp and producing fish-like eggs that lacked a hard protective coating. Additionally, amphibians underwent larval phases that were entirely aquatic; only the adult animals were able to survive terrestrial habitats. Reptiles (Reptilia) Reptiles arose during the Carboniferous period and quickly took over as the dominant form of land vertebrates. Reptiles freed themselves from aquatic habitats where amphibians had not. Reptiles developed hard-shelled eggs that could be laid on dry land. They had dry skin comprised of scales that served as protection and helped retain moisture. Reptiles developed larger and more powerful legs than those of amphibians. The placement of the reptilian legs beneath the body (instead of at the side as with amphibians) enabled them greater mobility. Birds (Aves) Sometime during the early Jurassic period, two groups of reptiles gained the ability to fly; one of these groups later gave rise to the birds. Birds developed a range of adaptations, such as feathers, hollow bones, and warm-bloodedness that enabled flight. Mammals (Mammalia) Mammals, like birds, evolved from  reptilian ancestors. Mammals developed a four-chambered heart, hair covering, and most (with the exception of monotremes  such as the platypus and echidna) do not lay eggs, instead, giving birth to live young. Progression of Vertebrate Evolution The following table shows the progression of vertebrate evolution. The organisms listed at the top of the table evolved earlier than those further down. Animal Group Key Features Jawless Fish no jaws no paired fins gave rise to placoderms, cartilaginous and bony fish Placoderms no jaws armored fish Cartilaginous fish cartilage skeletons no swim bladder no lungs internal fertilization Bony fish gills lungs swim bladder some developed fleshy fins (gave rise to amphibians) Amphibians first vertebrates to venture out onto land remained quite tied to aquatic habitats external fertilization eggs had no amnion or shell moist skin Reptiles scales hard-shelled eggs stronger legs positioned directly beneath the body Birds feathers hollow bones Mammals fur mammary glands warm-blooded

marketing plan - 3827 Words

Important note: This marketing plan sample mainly illustrates the structure of your marketing plan. But do not follow its content too much because of its deficiencies (e.g. incomplete macroenvironmental analysis and insufficient analysis of the company itself). 1 INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING Marketing Plan Report 2 Content pages 1. Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.3 2. Situation analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.3 3. SWOT analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.8 4. Goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.13 5. Marketing strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.15 6. 4Ps analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.19 7. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.21 3 1. Executive Summary Recently, there is a fiasco in the China milk powder market. Most of the†¦show more content†¦In fact after the Sanlu scandal of illegal addition of melamine, there is a strong market need of safe, melamine-free milk powder for infants, and this 5 creates many opportunities for us as new entrants. In addition to the safety - - need, we also notice the following market demands: Selection: a variety of milk powder with different tastes and nutritional benefits, e.g. strawberry favor for better Vitamin C value; chocolate favor for high energy value User-friendly design: The milk powder is stored in traditional cylindrical container for easy storage. We are also developing a new design in which the milk powder is stored in the form of individual packets with each packet containing the appropriate amount of powder for producing one standardized bottle of milk. Customers therefore need not carry a bulky container for outdoor use of VitaMilk. - Competitive pricing: As our target segments are low- to middle-income parents, our selling price is set at a comparable level as the existing mainland competitors offering products in the same segments, with slightly higher prices because of the better quality of our brand. 2a.3) Market Trends and Growth After the recent melamine incident, it is predicted that there will be a shift in the dominant position of the market of infant milk powder from nationally manufactured brands toShow MoreRelatedA Marketing Plan For A New Marketing Strategy966 Words   |  4 Pagesthe governmental legal requirements and, on the other hand, defines the organization’s policy administration. For a triumphant marketing plan, understanding the government legal approaches allows for efficient operation and inter-relationship with other organization. Similarly, internal legal policies allow the company to uphold its operation in a set manner. 4.0: Marketing Audit A market audit process is a tool that can never be neglected despite the situation. However, very few companies carryRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Small Business2998 Words   |  12 Pagesin detail. †¢ The benefits of TQM when implementing the strategic plan to meet goals or increasing profit within a small business. †¢ The economy’s motivation of small businesses stability as compared to large businesses that are well established, also the financial assistance of other organization including the government. †¢ Different categories of a company and the importance of CRM to any size business. †¢ To compare the marketing plan of a small business and a large business where it reflects theRead MoreMarketing Plan827 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Marketing Business Environment Marketing Planning: An Overview of Marketing 6 main questions to ask in order to create your marketing plan: 1. Where are we now? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 2. How did we get here? (Business Mission, Marketing audit, SWOT analysis) 3. Where are we heading? (Marketing audit, SWOT Analysis) 4. Where would we like to be? (Marketing objectives) 5. How do we get there? (Core Strategy, Marketing mix decisions, Organization, ImplementationRead MoreMarketing Plan3248 Words   |  13 PagesSAMPLE MARKETING PLAN The following pages contain an annotated sample marketing plan for Blue Sky Clothing. At some point in your career, you will likely be involved in writing—or at least contributing to –a marketing plan. And you’ll certainly read many marketing plans throughout your business career. Keep in mind that the plan for Blue Sky is a single example; no one format is used by all companies. Also, the Blue Sky plan has been somewhat condensed to make it easier to annotate and illustrateRead MoreMarketing Plan4753 Words   |  20 Pagesresponsible firm by highlighting its products based on ecotourism, community tourism and sustainable tourism. 2. Situation Analysis Blaze Mountain travels and Tours has been operating for several years now. The trips have been well received, and marketing is now critical to its continued success and future profitability. Blaze Mountain travels and tours offer concepts like ecotourism and sustainable tourism to older tourists and hard adventure trips to the student tourists. This target market appreciatesRead MoreMarketing Plan3688 Words   |  15 PagesSITUATION ANALYSIS The marketing environment for LIMCOMA represents overwhelming opportunities. It also contains some challenges that the firm believes it can meet successfully. An illustration below shows a SWOT analysis of the company to highlight LIMCOMA’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths LIMCOMA’S dedicated founders understand the target market and products. LIMCOMA has achieved distribution in several markets with quick acceptance The firm has a very littleRead MoreMarketing Plan3847 Words   |  16 PagesA marketing plan is a comprehensive blueprint which outlines an organization s overall marketing efforts. A marketing process can be realized by the marketing mix, which is outlined in step 4. The last step in the process is the marketing controlling. The marketing plan can function from two points: strategy and tactics (P. Kotler, K.L. Keller). In most organizations, strategic planning is an annual process, typically covering just the year ahead. Occasionally, a few organizations may look atRead MoreMarketing Planning : The Marketing Plan Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesTo attract mixed segment ther is need to marketing planning is indeed the key to the whole marketing process. The marketing objectives state just where the company intends to be; at some specific time in the future. James Quinn succinctly defined objectives in general as: Goals state what is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, but they do not state how the results are to be achieved. They typically relate to what products will be where in what market. They are essentiallyRead MoreMarketing Plan For Subway Marketing1516 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive summary The marketing plan has close ties with the overall financial and business plan. This plan contents a strategy for success, and breaks it down into coherent, actionable components that will aid The Sub Shop to implement marketing activities to provide a firm return on investment. The following areas will help explain how the company plans to differentiate the business and product offering from the competition, and define the strategy that will drive its business forward. The aimRead MoreMarketing Plan1891 Words   |  8 Pagesa breakeven point in the second year after opening the store and become profitable in the third year of being in this business. In the first year, our profits will be low, due to low sales and high distribution, inventory, marketing and advertising and sales expenses. Marketing expenses will be very high in the first year. We have to inform the customers about this new product and get the consumers to try out this new concept. It will take â€Å"Just passin’ Thru† some time to build up the customer base

Effective Business Communications

Question: Write an essay on Effective Business Communications. Answer: Introduction Defining non-verbal communication is a difficult proposition. In plain terms it can described as a form of communication, which does not involve spoken and written communication. It is a form of communication that uses gestures and body language as a mean of communication. Non verbal communication is one of the alternative means of communication that is adopted to traditional verbal communication style. Non verbal communication incorporates body language, touch, facial expressions and gestures as a part of the communication style (Bargiela-Chiappini Nickerson, 2014). The topic of interview and negotiation has an important place in the workplace. Interview is a form of communication, in which the interviewer informs, communicates and assesses an interviewing. Negotiation is a type of bargaining, which is undertaken to persuade and compromise on certain matters. Interview is a form of structured communication, which establishes a relationship between verbal and non verbal communication (Chaney Martin, 2013). Star Group Ltd has been facing certain issues in the non verbal communication aspect of the interview process. The company boasts of cultural diversity in the workplace. Cultural diversity reflects on one integral fact, which is the presence of diversity of languages. The employees at the workplace and the candidates applying for employment will be candidates that speak different languages. However, the human resource manager and the management are multi linguistic, which lead to major language barriers. As a combative measure to such barriers, non verbal communication is promoted and adopted during interview process. However, shortcomings are viewed and observed in non verbal communication. Semantic barrier and misunderstandings are observed during non verbal communication. People who are experienced and well versed with such interview processes, exhibit certain assumed facial expressions and body language that is the requirement as per the interview standards. This reflects an untr ue and unfair representation of the interview processes. New and fresh methods and approaches need to be adopted to overcome these shortcomings in the interview process of Star Group Ltd regarding non verbal communication. Aims and Objectives To identify the loopholes and shortcomings in non verbal communication To identify the interview process and the gaps noticed in the interview process of Star Group Ltd To evaluate and assess the areas of deviations of the communication pattern of the HR management group. To evaluate and recommend fresh ideas and new approaches in the communication style involved in the interview process. Scope The understanding of concepts like non verbal communication and the merits and demerits attached with it is critical for any organization. The importance of interview and negotiations and the incorporation of suitable and appropriate communication style in interviews are very important to any organizations. The successful implementation of correct communication style will affect the organization positively and will improve the workforce and further strengthen the cultural diversity and productivity of the organization by employing correct employee for the appropriate job. It will remove language and semantic barrier. The scope of the research proposal is to highlight these benefits and also improve the interview process of the organization, which enhances the image of the organization. Body Non verbal communication Non-verbal communication is the style of communication that incorporates essence of body language, facial expression, touch and other abstract means in the communication style. It eliminates written and spoken words in the communication style. The non verbal communication comprises of body language, gestures and vocal tone as the major element of non verbal communication. Non verbal communication critically analyses the eye cues and interpretation of each eye cues. Non verbal communication is the imparting of messages by medium excluding written and spoken words (Chaney Martin, 2013). Non verbal communication includes personal and face to face conversation in a non spoken context. Every action and display of behavior in conscious and subconscious state holds special implications and the interpretation of such actions is critically analyzed and made. These interpretations hold special meaning and importance because non verbal communication is heavily dependent on such gestures and actions and the failure to interpret to them leads to ambiguity and communication barriers. Non verbal communication includes tone of the voice, volume of the voice, the speed of the speech, pitch and gestures or body language. Non verbal communication also includes poise, stance of a person, body posture, the proximity of a person to the speaker during communication, dress and appearance during communication is important and eye movement. Eye movement and body posture are vital elements in non verbal communication. It highlights the state of mind and the energy level of a person. Jittery and constant movement of the arms and legs during communication indicates nervous energy and a state of anxiety in a person. Eye movement reflect the energy level like nervousness, excitement, grief and joy are effectively depicted through eye movements. Disadvantages relating to non verbal communication include distortion of information. In non verbal communication, there is high level of distortion or information leading rumors and confusion. It is not a preferable means of communication since it does not create a strong and lasting impression on listeners and receivers (Cardon, 2015). The effect of the non verbal communication has been seen to have not created a strong impression and effect, which does not create as a strong as an impact, which verbal communication does. Non verbal communication is only applicable to short communications. Long communications are not possible in non verbal communications and the lack of flexibility adds to the demerit in the communication pattern. The lack of comprehension in non verbal communication and the repetitive nature of the communication style is one of the shortcomings of the communication style. It also leads to misunderstandings and semantic barrier and misinterpretation between the speaker and the listeners. In addition to the demerits, the merit of the communication style is also noticed since non verbal communication adds a complete picture and presents a comprehensive aspect to the communication pattern (Kelley Autman, 2014). Interviews Interview is a kind of a face to face conversation between a speaker and the listener. The two parties involved in an interview are the interviewer and the interviewee. It can be noticed that the nature of communication involved in a communication is interrogatory. It is evident from the communication pattern in an interview that certain understanding and assessment is the purpose of an interview (Kelley Autman, 2014). The purpose of interviews is to establish an understanding of the feelings and emotions of the interviewee. It is useful in establishing an understanding of the experiences and notions of the interviewee towards different subjects. Interview is useful in comprehending the working style and organizational behavior in respect of a particular employee. Interviews help an organization is assessing its future prospect in respect to advantages and risks given by the employee. Interview and negotiations are useful tools in persuading interviewees into particular terms and conditions of the organizations (ThilL Bove, 2013). Interview provides a strong groundwork for employee evaluation framework. There are certain criteria and requirements in an interview and thus interviews provide the framework and guidelines for selecting candidates and improving staffing functions. Interviews are structured communication that incorporates both verbal and non verbal style of communication (Bargiela-Chiappini Nickerson, 2014). However, one can notice the deviations involved in interview process. Communication barriers often pose as the hindrances in the interview process, and the effect can be traced from the operations and productivity of the organizations. The shortcomings of non verbal communication can hamper the interview process. Methods of Research For conducting the research, certain approaches like positivism method approach, deductive method approach and descriptive method approach is used in the research methodology. Primary data collection method is used and qualitative data is utilized for the purpose of the research. Sampling method is used, in which two managers are used for interview process. Results The expected outcome of this research is the shortcoming and the deviation that is expected to be seen and observed during interview process. The research is expected to show that shortcomings and the loopholes observed in non verbal communication and its effect on the interview process (ThilL Bove, 2013). From the literature review, it can be seen that certain shortcomings and loopholes do exist in non verbal communication that affects the interview process and serves as a shortcomings for human resource team that is involved in conducting interviews. Discussion and Analysis During the data collection procedure, primary data was used for the research. In the primary data collection method, interview method was used and two managers were interviewed and questioned to establish a cohesive and comprehensive idea of the interview process and the role of non verbal communication played by it in the interview process. The interview was conducted to establish the benefit and the magnitude of loophole that was observed in the non verbal communication style in the interview process. The lack of multi linguistic ability of the managers of the human resource team and the cultural diversity of the organization was also reflected in the interview process. Focus group was the analytical tool for conducting the research. It was used for understanding the inferences observed during the research process and a total understanding of the issues faced in the interview process by managers with regards to non verbal communication are established from this research. Conclusion From the research it can be concluded that non verbal communication does suffer from certain loopholes and shortcomings that does affect the interview process, it can be seen that lack of understanding and misinterpretation and misunderstanding are common grounds of loopholes of non verbal communication that interviewers suffers from during interview. Such lapses and deviations do cast their evils on the organizations and the organizations can select wrong candidates based on such shortcomings. Better techniques and incorporating better understanding of non verbal communication is critical to the success of the interview process. Recommendations The human resource management should be trained for improving their skills in interpreting non verbal communication. In the training process, the mangers need to be taught how to understand body posture, eye movement and body language. More information and details need to be provided to develop a comprehensive understanding of gestures and signs. The managers need to be taught to carefully analyze the facial expressions and develop new standards to employee evaluation framework so that improve the assessment criteria of the employees. The managers must be able to understand to incorporate the correct mix of verbal and non verbal communication. Reference List Bargiela-Chiappini, F., Nickerson, C. R. (2014).Writing business: Genres, media and discourses. Routledge. Barringer, B. (2012).Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, (2012). Cardon, P. (2015).Business communication: Developing leaders for a networked world. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Chaney, L., Martin, J. (2013).Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Conrad, D., Newberry, R. (2012). Identification and instruction of important business communication skills for graduate business education.Journal of Education for Business,87(2), 112-120. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2015).Essentials of business communication. Nelson Education. Kelley, S., Autman, H. (2014). EFFECTIVE COMPUTER-MEDIATED BUSINESS COMMUNICATION: FOSTERING IMMEDIACY.The Journal of Research in Business Education,56(2), 48. Locker, K., Kaczmarek, S. (2013).Business communication: Building critical skills. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Meadows, D., Sweeney, L. B., Mehers, G. M. (2016).The Climate Change Playbook: 22 Systems Thinking Games for More Effective Communication about Climate Change. Chelsea Green Publishing. Short, J. C., Randolph-Seng, B., McKenny, A. F. (2013). Graphic Presentation An Empirical Examination of the Graphic Novel Approach to Communicate Business Concepts.Business Communication Quarterly,76(3), 273-303. Thill, J. V., Bove, C. L. (2013).Excellence in business communication. R. B. Chatterjee, K. Subramanian (Eds.). Pearson. Effective Business Communications Question: Discuss about the Effective Business Communications. Answer: Diagnosis and Reflection: The success of communication; be it verbal or non verbal, largely depends on the skills of the communicators. Hence, it is important to identify the communication styles we use in our interpersonal communication. A number of diagnostic tools are available for identifying the pattern of communication we follow or the issues we are facing in exercising an effective communication model. As mentioned by Silverman, Kurtz and Draper (2016), the issues those can restrict the process of successful communication can include a number of psychological or behavioral factors. The diagnostic tools can be helpful in identifying these factors. For identifying the communication style I use, I have used five popularly known diagnostic tools. Those were, the Johari Window test, Communications Style Questionnaire, Assertiveness Questionnaires, listing skill test and the interpersonal communication skill test. As mentioned by Arnold and Boggs (2015), the personality and behavioral factors are important shaping the communication pattern of an individual. Hence, I have used the Johari Window test and the Assertiveness Questionnaires. On the other hand, listening skill can be identified as one of the major tool for successful communication (Bhatia Bremner, 2014). Hence, I used the listing skill test to identify my capability in this regard. With the help of these diagnostic tools, I have identified that I have an assertive communication style. As mentioned by Arnold and Boggs (2015), the assertive communication pattern involves a clear and direct expression of my needs, desires and my opinions with a conscious consideration of others. However, the major communication issues, those thses diagnostic tools have found is an aggressive attitude. One of the tools have identified, in spite of having an assertive communication style, I possess an aggressive attitude. As discussed by McQuail and Windahl (2015), an aggressive communication style involves the expression of ones needs and opinions by giving little or no importance to the thought of other people. It has also identified that, I have a tendency to of ignoring what other people is trying to communicate. It drives me to misinterpret the message of that person and create a misunderstanding and confusion in my workplace. This particular test has identified that I have the highest score in the assertive communication process, but my score in the aggressive communication is not ignorable as well. Hence, it can be identified that I have a tendency to control my listeners and ignoring their opinion. Coupled with this issue, the listening skill test has identified that I need to concentrate on improving my listening skill. As mentioned earlier, my aggressive attitude, i.e. the lack of interest on the opinion of others inevitably directs me to ignore the importance of listening in effective communication model. This particular test has identified my listening skill as OK which needs a definite improvement. This test has identified me as a communicator who prefers to air his own voice in a situation where he or she has a complete control. The Johari window test has explored that the people identify me as a proud and confident personality. This model has also found me as a person who is independent, logical and witty, which is helpful in establishing an effective communication. However, the proud characteristic can be supported by issue of ignoring active listening in verbal communication. However, the Johari window test has also provided me the idea that I need to reshape my attitude in communication. The inter personal communication test has identified that I often fail to understand peoples words and seeing things from their perspective and try to impose my opinion over them. However, the Assertiveness has identified that sometimes I lack the ability to speak for myself. I often face such a communication issue when I do not have the control of the situation and talk to my superiors in the workplace. On the other hand, in a controlled situation, such as, while communicating with my subordinates I tend to use an aggressive attitude. Hence, in spite of having an assertive communication style, I need to work on my aggressive attitude which supports the lack of listening skill and my lack of confidence and inability to express my concern before my superiors. I have faced issues in workplace communication for my frailty in these two issues. In the recent past, I faced some conflicts in my communication with one of my subordinates. I assigned a task upon him and he had to deliver by the deadline. However, he had some familial issues those days and applied for a leave on the date of task submission. In spite of listening to his concerns or asking for the status of the task; I reassigned the task to someone else which was already done by that employee. It displeased him and he found it demeaning. Out of dissatisfaction, he opted for resignation which took my serious effort to nullify. On the other hand, my lack of confidence in airing my concerns and expressing my opinions to the superiors has also made me face some serious operational crisis. A few days earlier, my manager told me I complete an assignment within three days. My team did not have that much strength to complete that assignment within a short deadline. However, I failed to raise my concern in this regard and express my teams inability or the need of extra members to my manager. I considered it as my personal frailty and felt less confident to air my opinion. However, in spite of taking the extra burden for completing the task within deadline, my team failed to do it, which has inevitably been considered as my failure of team management and I faced severe frustration from the team members. Thus, my communication issues are creating workplace confusion and mismanagement which is creating threat to my professional success. Hence, as per the diagnostic tools, I need to improve my communication skills by concentrating on empathetic listening which will control my aggressive attitude. Moreover, my lack of confidence for airing my views where I lack the authority needs to be rectified. Literature review: As mentioned by Brown, Wuensch and Bylund (2017), the idea of effective communication largely depends on a number of behavioral as well as psychological aspects. Concentrating on the issues like confidence of the communicators and the skill of listening are the keys to the success of communication. As mentioned by Arnold and Boggs (2015), effective listening is essential in the workplace and interpersonal communication. Listening can be utilized as a tool of ensuring employee satisfaction and thus improving work quality, boost productivity and eliminate operational confusion (Cahill, 2014). Poor listening skill can lead to employee dissatisfaction, lack of understanding of the situation and faulty decision making process. Now, as opined by Moore et al. (2013), while opting for inter personal communication, involving empathetic listening helps in collecting an effective feedback. As mentioned by Bhatia and Bremner (2014), empathetic listening takes place when one listens to others view with intent to understand how the speaker feels for the given situation. As discussed by Wee (2015), empathetic listening is typically helpful in resolving a conflict situation. In the organizational set up, practicing the empathetic listening procedure, i.e. creating a communicational culture, where the employees will be free to air their voice without being judged, criticized, advised or interrupted is essential for upholding a positive organizational culture. For conducting an effective communication session, one needs to develop trust and understanding. As discussed by Mohamed et al. (2014), empathetic listening helps in improving mutual understanding and trust. On the other hand, maintaining and upholding confidence is one of the basic factors of communication success. As discussed by Dixon (2015), lack of confidence from the speakers end can lead to the restricted access to information, thus a number of communication confusions can take place. Low confidence can be the result of many factors like, fear of being criticized, the lack of knowledge, and lack of self-esteem, previous failure, poor management skill and many more. As identified by Arnold and Boggs (2015), ones sense or judgment about oneself is entirely responsible for developing his/ her confidence level. Now, this judgment about ourselves largely shapes our communication pattern. Confidence is typically important in the organizational and interpersonal communication process. The lack of confidence is easily reflected in the communication style we opt for. Now, as mentioned by Jackson (2016), the lack of confidence from the speakers end can create mistrust and lose of control in the communication environment. Here, the following communication models can also be discussed. The communication model proposed by Shannon and Weaver states that messages are transferred from source via transmitter and received by the receiver. Now, they have identified the implication of noise in the effective communication pattern. As mentioned by Petersons and Khalimzoda (2016), the communication model of Shannon and Weaver has identified the noise as the electronic or metal barriers. Such noises are able to create alteration in the transmitted message and confusion may take place. Figure 1: Shannon and Weaver Communication model (Source: McQuail Windahl, 2015) According to Shannon and Weaver, by obtaining the feedback from the receiver, an effective communication process can be ensured (Petersons Khalimzoda, 2016). Here, in this discussed context, the mental noises like the lack of listening or aggressive behavior may distort the message of the sender and the receiver can interpret it in a different way. On the other hand, the lack of confidence from any of the communicators end may serve as noise and restrict the flow of information and feedback. Thus, this scientific communication model puts importance on collecting feedback and eliminates issues like lack of confidence. Now, it can be identified that collecting feedback or the opinion of the receivers with active listing is important for a successful communication process (McQuail Windahl, 2015). Hence, the theoretical model is suggesting for using the behavioral perspective of active and empathetic listening. I need to develop this skill within me for conducting a successful communic ation process. The communication model of Schramm has identified the process of communication as a circular model, which does not end in the receivers end (Petersons Khalimzoda, 2016). As mentioned by Schramm, it is misleading to ideate that communication starts at one point and ends at the other; it is essentially endless. As opined by Bandhiya and Joshi (2016), according to the model of Schramm, feedback or reply of the receiver is typical in communication. Hence, this model suggests the exercise of feedback or opinion collection for successful completion of the communication process. Figure 2: Schramms Communication model (Source: Kll Gdkbay, 2014) Hence, it is important to concentrate on active and empathetic listening for collecting effective feedback from the other end. On the other hand, the model of Schramm has also stated that unless or until the second party becomes able to decode the information sent and what the sender actually meant to communicate, the communication is actually of no use. Here, the model has posed importance on the process of encoding the message. As mentioned by Bandhiya and Joshi (2016), the model of Schramm states that the information do not have any impotence if the communicator fails to convey the real meaning to the receiver. Here, the conveyer needs to concentrate on delivering the message without creating any confusion. The lack of confidence can be grate factor of encoding fault. As opined by Kll and Gdkbay (2014), in the organizational set up, the building trust is crucial for successful communication. By showing confidence the communicator can create a sense of truth in the information and the intended message can be transferred and decoded by the receiver. Hence, it is important to communicate confidently to avoid the misinterpretation and restriction of information flow. Thus, with incorporating confidence the communication process can be made effective and (Dawson et al., 2015). As opined by Sabanci et al. (2016), confidence is a major factor in the non-verbal communication. The lack of confidence or its present can easily be detected by the movements of limbs or the speech delivery pattern. However, in the organizational set up confidence help in decision making, leadership, persuasion or operational procedures. As mentioned by Keerativutisest and Hanson (2017), the lack of confidence may demoralize the team member; disrupt the process of decision making and operational success by restricted information flow and many more organizational failures. Hence, I need to work on improving my confidence level so that I can obtain success in the professional and personal communication goals. Action Plan: As opined by Wilkins, Bernstein and Bekki (2015), identification of the communication issues are not enough in exercising an effective communication process. Eliminating those issues need regular concentration and practice. Hence, I need to opt for certain strategies those will have a specific time frame. For the timeline of six months, I will follow the strategies like undertaking communication courses, regular consultation of communication suggestive books, maintaining a personal journal and many more. All these techniques will be helpful in developing active and empathetic listening skill and confidence within me, which will enable me conducting inter personal communication, more effectively than before. The following action plan can be approached: Maintenance of a personal communication journal about my everyday interaction experiences and noting down my reactions. Reading about the communication style of Abraham Lincoln as a mentor for my communication skill development. Identification of my achievements and memorize the feeling of success for building confidence. Enrolling to a professional counseling course for confidence building. Consulting to the online blogs and journals for educating myself for behaving and communicating confidently and acquire active listening skills. Regular practice of confidence building process and empathetic listening strategies. Opting for a Yoga class for lowering down my manipulative and aggressive behavioral aspects and improve the faculty of patience. Reinforcing myself for achieving positive changes in my communication pattern. Identification of the negative communication traits and trying to eliminate them. Opting for an outsider help in identifying the communication issues. Practicing group activities to ensure better communication with my team members. Figure 3: Action Plan for improving my communication skills (Source: Created by the author) The success of this action plan needs to be evaluated with various benchmarks. In the process of keeping the personal journal, I will be able to identify my regular communication issues. I will try to highlight them and make conscious step to eradicate them in the next interaction. On the other hand, the diagnostic tools can also be utilized in this regard. Conducting regular communication and listening skill tests will be able to provide the idea of my progression and status of success of this selected action plan. Moreover, I will opt for collecting feedbacks from my seniors regarding my communication skills. It will help me in introducing needed change in the specified action plan. The regular Yoga sessions and mediations will be helpful in building a trust upon myself, which will help me to accept myself and thus provide me the patience to listen to others. References: Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bandhiya, D. B., Joshi, A. (2016). Encompassing the Scope of Western Models of Communication. PARIPEX-Indian Journal of Research, 4(9). Bhatia, V., Bremner, S. (2014). The Routledge handbook of language and professional communication. Routledge. Brown, R. F., Wuensch, A., Bylund, C. L. (2017). Models of communication skills training and their practical implications. Oxford Textbook of Communication in Oncology and Palliative Care, 16. Cahill, J. L. (2014). University professors perceptions about the impact of integrating Google applications on students communication and collaboration skills. Journal of Research Initiatives, 1(2), 7. Dawson, A. E., Bernstein, B. L., Wilkins, K., Bekki, J. M. (2015). Honing interpersonal communication skills for difficult situations. In 2015 122nd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. American Society for Engineering Education. Dixon, J. (2015). Organizational Communication. Transgender Communication Studies: Histories, Trends, and Trajectories, 19. Jackson, A. (2016). Difference between interpersonal communication skills. Keerativutisest, V., Hanson, B. J. (2017). Developing High Performance Teams (HPT) through Employee Motivation, Interpersonal Communication Skills, and Entrepreneurial Mindset Using Organization Development Interventions (ODI): A Study of Selected Engineering Service Companies in Thailand. ABAC ODI JOURNAL VISION. ACTION. OUTCOME., 4(1). Kll, K., Gdkbay, U. (2014). A layered communication model for agents in virtual crowds. In Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015). Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Mohamed, A. A., Radzuan, N. R. M., Kassim, H., Ali, M. M. A. (2014). Conceptualizing English workplace communication needs of professional engineers: The challenges for English language tertiary educators. Selangor Business Review (SBR), 1(1). Moore, P. M., Rivera Mercado, S., Grez Artigues, M., Lawrie, T. A. (2013). Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer. The Cochrane Library. Petersons, A., Khalimzoda, I. (2016, May). Communication models and common basis for multicultural communication in latvia. In society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference (Vol. 4, pp. 423-433). Remland, M. S. (2016). Nonverbal communication in everyday life. SAGE Publications. Sabanci, A., Sahin, A., Sonmez, M. A., Yilmaz, O. (2016). School Managers Interpersonal Communication Skills in Turkey. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(8), 13-30. Silverman, J., Kurtz, S., Draper, J. (2016). Skills for communicating with patients. CRC Press. Wee, A. (2015). Exploring communication in international workplaces in Ho Chi Minh City: a grounded theory study. Wilkins, K. G., Bernstein, B. L., Bekki, J. M. (2015). Measuring Communication Skills: The STEM Interpersonal Communication Skills Assessment Battery. Journal of Engineering Education, 104(4), 433-453.

What Is The Human Genome Project Essays - Genetics, Genomics

What is the Human Genome Project? The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international research program designed to construct detailed genetic and physical maps of the human genome, to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of human DNA, to localize the estimated 80,000 genes within the human genome, and to perform similar analyses on the genomes of several other organisms used extensively in research laboratories as model systems. This project is estimated to take 15 years to complete from October 1990 and has already cost the U.S. 2.5 billion dollars. The scientific products of the HGP will comprise a resource of detailed information about the structure, organization and function of human DNA, information that is the basic set of inherited instructions for the development and functioning of a human being. What is the overall goal of the Project? In September, advisory committees at DOE and NIH approved new 5-year goals aimed at completing the Human Genome Project two years earlier than originally planned in 1990. The new plan, published in the October 23, 1998 issue of Science, covers fiscal years 1999-2003 and calls for generating a working draft of the human genome DNA sequence by 2001 and obtaining the complete and highly accurate reference sequence by 2003. A new goal focuses on identifying regions of the human genome that differ from person to person. Although the vast majority of our DNA sequences are the same, scientists estimate that humans are 99.9% identical genetically. These DNA sequence variations can have a major impact on how our bodies respond to disease, environmental insults, such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, drugs and other therapies. Other major goals outlined in the plan include exploring the functions of human genes using methods that include comparing human DNA sequences with those from organisms such as the laboratory mouse and yeast. Then they must address the ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding genetic tools and data, develop the computational capability to collect, store, and analyze DNA. If successful, the completion of the human DNA sequence in 2003 will be the 50th anniversary of Watson and Crick's description of the fundamental structure of DNA. Already revolutionizing biology, genome research provides a vital thrust to the increasing productivity and pervasiveness of the life sciences. Current and potential applications of genome research address national needs in molecular medicine, waste control and environmental cleanup, biotechnology, energy sources, and risk assessment. Scientific Processes Chromosomes, which range in size from 50 million to 250 million bases are broken into very short pieces. Each short piece is used as a template to generate a set of fragments that differ in length from each other by a single base (template preparation and sequencing reaction steps). Now the fragments in a set are separated by gel electrophoresis. Then fluorescent dyes allow separation of all four fragments in a single lane on the gel. The final base at the end of each fragment is identified (base calling step). This process recreates the original sequence of As, Ts, Cs, and Gs for each short piece generated in the first step. Current electrophoresis limits are about 500-700 bases sequenced per read. Automated sequences analyze the resulting electropherograms and the result is a four-color chromatogram showing peaks that represent each of the 4 DNA bases. After the bases are read by a computer, another computer is used to assemble the short sequences in blocks of about 500 bases each, called the read length into long continuous stretches that are analyzed for errors, gene-coding regions, and other characteristics. Finished sequence is submitted to public sequence databases, such as GenBank. Now The Human Genome Project sequence data is made free to anyone around the world who would like to view it. Benefits of the completed Project This project will be a great jump in understanding human genes which will provide us with many answers we would like to know, and many that we haven't thought about yet. Genome maps of other organisms will provided so we can compare them to the human genome and let us compare and understand other biological systems. Information generated and technologies developed will revolutionize future biological explorations. Genes involved in various genetic diseases will be found, and further studies will lead to an understanding of how those genes contribute to genetic diseases. Among these diseases will be the genes involved in cancer. Medical practices will be altered when new clinical technologies based on DNA diagnostics are combined with information coming from genome maps. Researchers will be able to identify individuals predisposed to particular diseases and come up with therapeutic practices based on new classes of drugs, immunotherapy techniques, avoidance of environmental conditions that may trigger disease, and possible

Ethical Issues in Recording Industries free essay sample

Recording Industry Known as Music Industry People In the Industry Involved- Artists, songwriters, composers and many more. An Industry that uses songs to earn money Commercialese the arts. Recording Industry There are more than 200 recording company In Malaysia. Sony BMW Rock Record MI (Malay;a) Halo Music Warner Music Recording Industry Association Malaysia(RIM) RIM is a national trade association RIM also is also protecting the local and international sound, music video, karaoke recordings.Principles of Medal Ethics How does RIM help the local recording company RIM wants another file sharing site blocked The Recording Industry Association of Malaysia (RIM) has called on the Government to ban another file-sharing site Jawing. Org. It claimed that the site specializes in providing pirated Malaysian music recordings Norms of Recording Industry Bring positive message to the people. -Mass Communication should motivate and bring positive information to the mass society.Copyright protection -Audio watermarking Downloading music illegally is like stealing someones intellectual property and aging it without an agreement in exchange of rights for money Michael Mathew Availability of digital media for music recordings and the possibility to transfer it fast and degradation-free would not only offer many benefits in terms of market expansion, but also expose their business to a great danger which is the piracy of intellectual property rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in Recording Industries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page T.Dugout, F. Marques, Applied Signal Processing Expectation to Recording Industry Entertainment ;leisure time -kill time Express the inner feeling through music Human are subconsciously moved by the emotion of music Dave Allen 2009 Cloud System ;Instant access to the music Free MPH Never under estimate the power of a free MPH Dave Allen 2009 Expectation to No vulgar/harsh words in the recording Using bad words and violence in lyrics, educate unhealthy context to underage children.Local music starts to fade Local artists face many challenges Media Ethics Recording industry cater to get funding/finance/market instead of their social responsibility; Opinion Support the local industry Illegal Downloading Ethics Not Harming Others, Honoring the Property Rights including Copyright and Patents ;Case Study Sobering Jay Bistro Owner Opinion Unethical A little bit Necessary Little Financial Support Less Local Music Poor Quality Productions Case Study Jason Lo (Local Artist) Own Finance Loca l Radio Stations Provide more chances for the Local Industry Poor Quality Low response from the public

Free Essays on Plessy V. Ferguson

Plessy v. Ferguson, a very important case of 1896 in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the legality of racial segregation. At the time of the ruling, segregation between blacks and whites already existed in most schools, restaurants, and other public facilities in the American South. In the Plessy decision, the Supreme Court ruled that such segregation did not violate the 14th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. This amendment provides equal protection of the law to all U.S. citizens, regardless of race. The court ruled in Plessy that racial segregation was legal as long as the separate facilities for blacks and whites were â€Å"equal.† This â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine, as it came to be known, was only partially implemented after the decision. Railroad cars, schools, and other public facilities in the South were made separate, but they were rarely made equal (Postema). Immediately after the American Civil War ended in April 1865 the Southern states began to segregate blacks from whites in schools and other public facilities. Reconstruction, a period of rebuilding in the American South that lasted from the end of 1865 to 1877, put a temporary stop to these policies in some places. Blacks had won enough political power in the South during Reconstruction to prevent the passage of legislation designed to deny them access to public facilities. Also, after the Civil War the national government remained committed to upholding at least some degree of racial fairness. However, even during Reconstruction, most Southern schools were segregated and blacks were often forced to use inadequate public facilities. After 1877 whites gained greater political control and eventually total political dominance of the South, and the national government did little to stop the worsening plight of Southern blacks. As a result, segregation gradually spread (Nieman). By the mid-1890s railroad cars and other forms of publ... Free Essays on Plessy V. Ferguson Free Essays on Plessy V. Ferguson Plessy v. Ferguson, a very important case of 1896 in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the legality of racial segregation. At the time of the ruling, segregation between blacks and whites already existed in most schools, restaurants, and other public facilities in the American South. In the Plessy decision, the Supreme Court ruled that such segregation did not violate the 14th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. This amendment provides equal protection of the law to all U.S. citizens, regardless of race. The court ruled in Plessy that racial segregation was legal as long as the separate facilities for blacks and whites were â€Å"equal.† This â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine, as it came to be known, was only partially implemented after the decision. Railroad cars, schools, and other public facilities in the South were made separate, but they were rarely made equal (Postema). Immediately after the American Civil War ended in April 1865 the Southern states began to segregate blacks from whites in schools and other public facilities. Reconstruction, a period of rebuilding in the American South that lasted from the end of 1865 to 1877, put a temporary stop to these policies in some places. Blacks had won enough political power in the South during Reconstruction to prevent the passage of legislation designed to deny them access to public facilities. Also, after the Civil War the national government remained committed to upholding at least some degree of racial fairness. However, even during Reconstruction, most Southern schools were segregated and blacks were often forced to use inadequate public facilities. After 1877 whites gained greater political control and eventually total political dominance of the South, and the national government did little to stop the worsening plight of Southern blacks. As a result, segregation gradually spread (Nieman). By the mid-1890s railroad cars and other forms of publ...

American Identity Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Identity Paper - Essay Example e people live in a well established society and it carries all the negative aspects whereas in America the society is not well established and whatever it has, it displays more of positive aspects. In the very outset of the letter the author makes it clear that there is not much of disparity between the rich and the poor in America as the poor and the rich are far removed from each other in Europe; for him, one can find in America â€Å"no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings, no bishops, no ecclesiastical dominion, no invisible power giving to a few a very visible one; no great manufacturers employing thousands, no great refinements of luxury in Europe† (Crevecoeur, p.49). In America people are after the primary needs of the society whereas in Europe people have already achieved the primary needs and they are after the secondary or tertiary needs of the society. In America all are equipped with ‘the spirit of an industry which is unfettered and unrestrained’ (Crevecoeur, p.50). As the Americans have no superiors to work for, they work for themselves and everyone adheres to the common goodness. No castles and no proud mansions can be seen here: on t he other way the perfect living of both cattle and men are here. J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur considers an American as â€Å"a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, penury, and useless labour, he has passed toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence† (Crevecoeur, p.56). The life in the British colonies of the North America had contributed a lot to the unique identity of the American people. In the British North American colonies people migrated from various places like England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Denmark, Germany, and Sweden. In each and every place of the colonies people had different attitudes, aspects, and notions too. When these mixtures of people joined together

Psychological Analysis of the Film High Fidelity Movie Review

Psychological Analysis of the Film High Fidelity - Movie Review Example During the time when she said that, specifically after the funeral of her father, she even asked Rob to make out with her (out of her anxiety). Thus, throughout the scene, they had a confrontation, which soon led to getting back together. More so, Rob displays his liking for Laura as he talks to himself, stating top five reasons why he likes Laura, that to include: her habit of rubbing her feet while sleeping, her laugh, her looks, her getup, and just the way she carries herself. In fact, Rob's anxiety throughout the plot was caused by their breakup, leading him to conclude that she may be the one he wants to spend his life with forever and does everything he could to get her back. He also reiterated that he is so miserable without her that it is not worth thinking about alternatives. He constantly thought of whether or not Laura ever had the chance to make out with Ian and even got to the point of frustration because of sexual thoughts of Laura and someone else. In social exchange theory, rewards and costs are of high regard. The female, who most likely receives intimacy and concern from the male, out of love, gives herself sexually to her partner. On the other hand, the male, who has the angst for sexual pleasure, also receives what he desires. Hence, the theory also pays high regard to the equivalent of the reward, which most of the time turns out to be a sacrifice for both parties. However, since they really acquire their hearts' deepest desires through the exchange, they both find their relationship worth those costs (Wang 2). Moreover, because of this theory, people experience feeling like there is no one to replace his or her significant other (Gire). The framework that exists in the social exchange theory is vital to understand the workings of the... During and after viewing the film, as I applied the concepts of Social Psychology to the instances portraying particular theories and hypotheses, I learned the forces responsible for the actions of the characters, as well as the different motivations possibly to influence the thoughts of each one.It seems that whatever one experiences is brought by particular instances rolled into interweaving situations as they connect to the lives of one another. Furthermore, it became really evident why Rob was acting like he did in the film. I understand now that the reason why Rob keeps on being dumped by women or vice versa because at his 30’s, he still hasn’t found peace within. His environment, wherein peer pressure was really clearly shown (during his adolescent years), contributed to his thoughts that happiness is just within if only he will get what he wants. Now, at an age when one usually marries and already has children, he keeps on asking himself why he just cannot settle on.

To What Extent Have UNHCR's RSD Procedures been an Effective and Fair Essay

To What Extent Have UNHCR's RSD Procedures been an Effective and Fair Tool in the Refugee Decision-making Process - Essay Example The United Nations High Commission on Refugees is reposed with the dual task of both ensuring the protection of refugees and reducing their vulnerabilities, whilst at the same time being charged with the role of refugee decision-maker in Refugee Status Determination (RSD) procedures, when individual States renege on this role. This duality of roles – protector and decision-maker – has been theorized to lead to quantifiable adverse effects on the refugees themselves. This is particularly problematic in light of the particular vulnerabilities that refugees already face, simply by being refugees. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union: Refugees have been the targets of violent attacks and intimidation, largely because they were perceived as â€Å"different† from the communities in which they had temporarily settled. Tensions between refugees and local populations have erupted when refugees were seen as competitors for natural and economic resources. Armed combat ants have been allowed to mingle freely with--and intimidate with seeming impunity--the civilians who sought safety in refugee camps and settlements. And, increasingly, governments have resorted to detention of illegal entrants, including women and children, many of whom are seeking asylum. Given this, it is imperative to craft an international legal framework that ensures an adequate standard of protection for the refugees. Indeed, the trend must be to heighten protections and reduce impediments to the full exercise of their rights. If the legal regime that covers refugee protection and selection results in outcomes that are contrary to the interests of refugees, then indeed it must be subjected to critical examination. II. Statement of Aims This paper intends to conduct an exploratory analysis on whether the existing legal framework that grants the dual mandate of the UNHCR and sets down its RSD procedures has led to inequitable outcomes for the refugees. By â€Å"inequitableâ₠¬ , this paper means either of two things (1) that, as a result of the legal framework, an individual that would otherwise have been granted refugee status under a more liberal contemplation, would be denied such status; (2) an individual granted refugee status would be given less protections than would otherwise have granted under a more liberal contemplation. Is the UNHCR deviating from its palliative protective role, and transforming into a refugee problem solver for the individual states, or even worse, as an enforcement mechanism for donor states’ policies of containment and exclusion? This preliminary proposal aims to analyze in depth the accountability of UNHCR’s RSD practices and the ethical issues arising from its additional role as one of the largest refugee decision-makers in the world. III. Research question and hypothesis This paper is guided by the following research question: To what extent have the UNHCR’s RSD procedures been an effective and fa ir tool in the refugee decision-making process, considering its dual role as a refugee protector and refugee decision-maker? To this end, the following sub-questions are likewise proposed: a. What are the concrete areas of tension between the UNHCR’s role as a refugee protector, and its role as decision-maker? b. What, if any, are the gaps in the RSD procedures, examined vis a vis the mandate of the UNHCR and existing International Law and International Humanitarian Law Conventions? c. Using as basis

Change On Food Production Environmental Sciences Essay

Change On Food Production Environmental Sciences Essay Agriculture is highly dependent on specific climate conditions. Moderate warming and appropriate carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may help plants to grow faster. But more severe climate change such as global warming, floods, drought, and hail may reduce yields. According the survey, from 1981 to 1990, the average global temperature has increased 0.48  °C than 100 years ago. If greenhouse gas emissions continue the warming will also continue, with temperatures projected to increase by 1.4  °C to 5.8  °C between 1990 and 2100. (Richardson et al. 2011) Increases in temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be beneficial for some crops in some places. But to realize these benefits, nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, and other conditions must also be met. Higher CO2 levels can increase yields. The yields for some crops, like wheat and soybeans, could increase by 30% or more under a doubling of CO2 concentrations. The yields for other crops, such as corn, exhibit a mu ch smaller response (less than 10% increase). However, some factors may counteract these potential increases in yield. For example, if temperature exceeds a crops optimal level or if sufficient water and nutrients are not available, yield increases may be reduced or reversed. Crops grown in the United States are critical for the food supply here and around the world. U.S. exports supply more than 30% of all wheat, corn, and rice on the global market. Changes in temperature, amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather could have significant impacts on crop yields. Warmer temperatures may make many crops grow more quickly, but warmer temperatures could also reduce yields. Crops tend to grow faster in warmer conditions. However, for some crops (such as grains), faster growth reduces the amount of time that seeds have to grow and mature. This can reduce yields (i.e., the amount of crop produced from a given amount of land). (EPA 2012) All the problem need to have fast and effective ways to be solve well. In the text will talk other country use what solution to decre ase the damage and to protect the crop. Global warming has a serious impact on agricultural production, according to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) research report pointed out the vulnerability of agriculture to climate warming performance of consumption in the worlds largest of several major varieties of grain, wheat, cereal, corn and rice are particularly sensitive to high temperature, decreased production will cause food shortages. (CGIAR 2012) World Agro forestry Centre chief ecologist Dr. Lewis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Will Carter report pointed out that the impact of climate change on agriculture in developing countries, for example, Chinas agricultural production, the main crops are rice, wheat and corn, warming irrigated and rain-fed spring wheat production decreased by 17.7% and 31.4%, respectively, the average corn production will cut 3% -7%; (Chiras 2012) warming will accelerate microbial decomposition of soil organic matter, resulting in the decline of soil fertility, implementatio n of the pesticide will increase and extend the crop growing season, so that not only increase agricultural costs, and affect the safety of the food. (Cline 2007) Solution: straw technology is a stimulation of soil fertility, not only put an end to the air pollution caused by straw burning, and fattening yield beneficial to help improve its agricultural production. Warming mainly due to the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) concentration increased CO2 is the main greenhouse gas, straw as a carrier material, energy and nutrients, is a valuable natural resource, straw is the straw is not directly feed directly or accumulation composting facilities into the soil in a way, the use of straw technology can improve soil properties, accelerated adobe aging and improve soil fertility by affecting soil microbial biomass and microbial communities, and changes in soil physical and chemical properties, such as the many ways to increase the intensity of soil respiration, thereby increasing soil carbon dioxide emissions, and can direct compensation the consumption potential fertility of the soil, the biological cycle accelera ted soil material to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil improve nutrient supply conditions to promote the increase of soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other content, improve soil moisture holding capacity, boosting crop resistance. On the other hand, the mechanization of straw including straw chopper compiled pressure to field a variety of forms, the whole rod feature is convenient, fast, low-cost and large area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹soil fertility advantage; it has been one of the more mature technologies. (Meng et al. 2008) After 1760s Industrial Revolution, release more carbon dioxide, resulting in melting snow to make more floods and influence food production. For example Yangtze river is the highest frequency of floods in China, one of the infestation of serious natural disasters, (Wanfang Data 2012) so for solving the problem there are two ways, reducing carbon footprint and construct dam in the Crop-growing areas, use the reservoir to control flood. (Luo 2002) So for reducing carbon footprint, first is China government encourage factories to emission gas after Purification of carbon dioxide, second is government investment research new energy. If carbon footprint can reduce success, may not have too many floods and food production will increase. For preventing to reduce food production from floods, China government built Three Gorges Project from 1994 for protect the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River , although Three Gorges Project has Flood control, power generation and shipping, inclu ding flood control, are considered the core benefits of the Three Gorges Project. So make sure protect Crop-growing areas. (Baidu 2012) When the climate change ,it also make the drought Frequent occurrence, a lot of Crop-growing areas food production sudden reduce, people can increase food production for solving the problem , and there is a scientist did very well in this, he created a new kind of rice, Yuan Longping, Studied of hybrid rice technology from 1964, three lines supporting in 1973, bred the first hybrid rice South High Yielding Combinations excellent No. 2 in 1974, developed in 1975, the success of hybrid rice cultivation technology for the large scale hybrid rice laid the foundation.  ¼Ã‹â€ Zhuang 2008 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° For increasing food production we need to promote the cultivation of Yuan Longping hybrid rice. Yuan Longping went to eight countries recent years including the Philippines, the United States, Japan, France, Britain, Italy, Egypt, Australia, has been invited to give lectures, teach techniques, participate in academic conferences or technical cooperation and research international academic acti vities 19 times. Hybrid rice go to the world, the United States, Japan, the Philippines, Brazil, Argentina and more than 100 countries have introduced hybrid rice and we need do better. (CCTV News 2012 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Internationally, the effects of climate change on agriculture and food production are likely to be similar to those seen in the United States and China. The effects of climate change also need to be considered along with other evolving factors that affect agricultural production, such as changes in farming practices and technology. As the reader understanding from the text, some solutions and create ways are from experts, but not all of the famers have high education and high skill to save the low food production because of climate change. Many farmers because there wasnt enough agricultural knowledge lead to reduce the number of crop production. Such as China, Farmers average education by lack of fixed number of year 7 years. In nearly 490 million rural labor force, the primary school culture degree and illiteracy semiliterate accounts for 40.31%, the junior middle school culture degree of 48.01%, high school culture degree of 9.7%, technical secondary school culture degree 2%, abov e college culture level accounted for only 0.52%. (Dong et al. 2006) If can not improve the education quality of famers that will effects the agriculture development. These phenomena get the attention of the government. A lot of local agriculture bureau has begun to action, they launch a training course teach farmers better cultivation of food, and also answer famers question about plant the crop. The agriculture bureau also distribution of free technology books to farmers about pollution-free vegetables cultivation and the quality and safety of agriculture products. Through the training, improve the farmers science and technology quality, training they rely on science and technology to increase food production. The government also hope famers use their new knowledge to create the new varieties can grow up in the different climate, and overcome the severe environment change to make food production problems to minimum. (HNXNC 2012)

Essay Comparing Candide and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein -- comparison

Comparing Voltaire's Candide and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein  Ã‚   Voltaire's Candide and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein are classics of western literature, in large part, because they both speak about the situation of being human. However, they are also important because they are both representative of the respective cultural movements during which they were written - the Enlightenment and the Romantic Era. As a result of this inheritance, they have different tones and messages, just as the Enlightenment and Romanticism had different tones and messages. But, it is not enough to merely say that they are "different" because they are linked. The intellectual movement from which Frankenstein emerged had its origins in the intellectual movement from which Candide emerged. By examining each of these works from the context of these intellectual movements, the progression in tone from light-hearted optimism in Candide to a heavier brooding doom in Frankenstein can be explained as being an extension of the progression from the Enlightenment to the Era of Roman ticism. The Enlightenment had its roots in the scientific and philosophical movements of the 17th century. It was, in large part, a rejection of the faith-based medieval world view for a way of thought based on structured inquiry and scientific understanding. It stressed individualism, and it rejected the church's control of the secular activities of men. Among the movement's luminaries were Descartes, Newton, and Locke. They, among others, stressed the individual's use of reason to explain and understand the world about himself in all of its aspects. Important principles of the Enlightenment included the use of science to examine all aspects of life (this was labeled "reason"),... ...The need is never satisfied for the reader, for Shelley's perception of society after the Enlightenment is a bleak place where human needs are supplanted by the monolithic focus on reason alone. This stands in sharp contrast to the ending of Candide. While the young man is constantly denied the company of his one true love, Cunegonde, throughout the work, in the end he finds her and finds satisfaction in a life near his friends as a farmer. The Enlightenment found optimistic hope in a dark age through the potential of the progress of human society, but to the Romantics, this improved world was less than optimistic if untouched by human elements such as love and imagination.    Works Cited: Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Bantam Books, 1991. Voltaire. Candide. In Candide, Zadig and Selected Stories.Trans. Donald Frame, New York: Penguin Group, 1961.

Hello 9th Grade Essay

School experiences are helpful for the development from child to young adult. Students grow together and experience the good, the bad, and learn from one another. School is all about change and growth. Especially when moving up a new grade. When entering the hall of high school it is time to say â€Å"hello 9th grade†. In high school you have AP classes so; in my AP class I will learn difficult lessons. Even with AP class I still need to try my best so, this year I will push myself even harder. Lastly, I want 9th grade to change me and set goals for my life. To start off, AP classes are a valuable tool for students. There are so many AP classes such as, World History, U. S. History, Biology, Physics, Calculus, and Spanish Language. For students, they provide an opportunity to earn college credits early, and demonstrate that a student is ready to take on a challenge. AP classes require a high level of critical thinking and in order for me to pass I will need to concentrate and understand my lessons. As a high school student, I have academic areas that I am weak in, but this does not mean that I will not improve my weaknesses. Normally, I do not read or push myself in something that seems too hard, but now with AP classes and new courses, I am more liable to feel the need to excel in everything. Therefore, by showing teachers I am ready to do great they will know I am a serious scholar. Personally, being able to obtain a higher education gives me an opportunity to be better in many ways. Everyone should have any personal goals in life in order to survive and succeed in every journey that life gives. As for me, being a scholar at Albany Early College, I hope to achieve all of my goals on which I have been trying to pursue and obtain through the years. With each year that passes I hope to grow in maturity and learn to not take life for granted. I want 9th grade to teach me to be more precise and more open to stepping outside of my comfort zone. To sum up, My personality and views on life have changed immensely over the past few years. I think differently and assess situations with more thought than I use to. The experiences I had in elementary and middle school changed the way I am. I am ready to say goodbye middle school and hello high school freshman. â€Å" To take little steps that make a big one is a great gift that can prepare yourself for the real deal † – Charlie Baker

metaphysics by Kant and hume essays

metaphysics by Kant and hume essays Metaphysics as Addressed by Kant and Hume In the Prolegomena, Kant states that reading David Hume, "awakened him from his dogmatic slumber." It was Hume's An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding that made Kant aware of issues and prejudices in his life that he had previously been unaware of. This further prompted Kant to respond to Hume with his own analysis on the theory of metaphysics. Kant did not feel that Hume dealt with these matters adequately and resolved to pick up where Hume had left off, specifically addressing the question of whether metaphysics as a science is possible. Hume basically asserted in his writings that metaphysics, as a science, is not possible. He specifically drew on the theory of "causality", which is the attempt by people to rationalize situations. These rationalizations deal with the experience of cause and effect. People tend to attribute patterns to things according to their cause and effect. For example, gravity causes the anything that goes up to come down- we have become so used to this principle that we have made a very definitive statement on the subject. Hume however, attacks this principle by claiming that we have not experienced every instance of this matter. It is not that it must come down, but that it happens to come down. He believed that any "all" or "must" statement is not reinforced through reason but through repetition. Because Hume feels this way, he then concludes that metaphysics is not possible. Hume's writing posed an interesting starting off point for Kant's theories. As said before, Kant attributes Hume's writing with waking him from his "dogmatic slumber." He recognizes both Hume's intelligence and the validity of his statements. However, he does not totally agree with all of Hume's theories and attempts to discredit them in the Prolegomena. The basic question that Hume brings up and tries to answer is whether metaphysics is possible as a science- or to put...

Probabilities for Rolling Three Dice

Probabilities for Rolling Three Dice Dice provide great illustrations for concepts in probability. The most commonly used dice are cubes with six sides. Here, we will see how to calculate probabilities for rolling three standard dice. It is a relatively standard problem to calculate the probability of the sum obtained by rolling two dice. There are a total of 36 different rolls with two dice, with any sum from 2 to 12 possible. How does the problem change if we add more dice? Possible Outcomes and Sums Just as one die has six outcomes and two dice have 62 36 outcomes, the probability experiment of rolling three dice has 63 216 outcomes. This idea generalizes further for more dice. If we roll n dice then there are 6n outcomes. We can also consider the possible sums from rolling several dice. The smallest possible sum occurs when all of the dice are the smallest, or one each. This gives a sum of three when we are rolling three dice. The greatest number on a die is six, which means that the greatest possible sum occurs when all three dice are sixes. The sum of this situation is 18. When n dice are rolled, the least possible sum is n and the greatest possible sum is 6n. There is one possible way three dice can total 33 ways for 46 for 510 for 615 for 721 for 825 for 927 for 1027 for 1125 for 1221 for 1315 for 1410 for 156 for 163 for 171 for 18 Forming Sums As discussed above, for three dice the possible sums include every number from three to 18. The probabilities can be calculated by using counting strategies and recognizing that we are looking for ways to partition a number into exactly three whole numbers. For example, the only way to obtain a sum of three is 3 1 1 1. Since each die is independent from the others, a sum such as four can be obtained in three different ways: 1 1 21 2 12 1 1 Further counting arguments can be used to find the number of ways of forming the other sums. The partitions for each sum follow: 3 1 1 14 1 1 25 1 1 3 2 2 16 1 1 4 1 2 3 2 2 27 1 1 5 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 48 1 1 6 2 3 3 4 3 1 1 2 5 2 2 49 6 2 1 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 410 6 3 1 6 2 2 5 3 2 4 4 2 4 3 3 1 4 511 6 4 1 1 5 5 5 4 2 3 3 5 4 3 4 6 3 212 6 5 1 4 3 5 4 4 4 5 2 5 6 4 2 6 3 313 6 6 1 5 4 4 3 4 6 6 5 2 5 5 314 6 6 2 5 5 4 4 4 6 6 5 315 6 6 3 6 5 4 5 5 516 6 6 4 5 5 617 6 6 518 6 6 6 When three different numbers form the partition, such as 7 1 2 4, there are 3!  (3x2x1) different ways of permuting these numbers. So this would count toward three outcomes in the sample space. When two different numbers form the partition, then there are three different ways of permuting these numbers. Specific Probabilities We divide the total number of ways to obtain each sum by the total number of outcomes in the sample space, or 216. The results are: Probability of a sum of 3: 1/216 0.5%Probability of a sum of 4: 3/216 1.4%Probability of a sum of 5: 6/216 2.8%Probability of a sum of 6: 10/216 4.6%Probability of a sum of 7: 15/216 7.0%Probability of a sum of 8: 21/216 9.7%Probability of a sum of 9: 25/216 11.6%Probability of a sum of 10: 27/216 12.5%Probability of a sum of 11: 27/216 12.5%Probability of a sum of 12: 25/216 11.6%Probability of a sum of 13: 21/216 9.7%Probability of a sum of 14: 15/216 7.0%Probability of a sum of 15: 10/216 4.6%Probability of a sum of 16: 6/216 2.8%Probability of a sum of 17: 3/216 1.4%Probability of a sum of 18: 1/216 0.5% As can be seen, the extreme values of 3 and 18 are least probable. The sums that are exactly in the middle are the most probable. This corresponds to what was observed when two dice were rolled.

Learning team Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning team - Research Paper Example Also, the ever growing complexity of the application software has resulted in large costs in software distribution to the end-users. . Through the use of Application Service Provider models, Riordan Manufacturing Company has been able to minimize costs and complexities of software. Additionally, the upgrading issues have been removed from the end firm by putting the onus on the Application Service Providers in order to maintain updated series. The company’s information technology outsourcing through the use of application service provider models has enabled the company to realize a rapid growth and reduce the costs of IT applications for her electronic -commerce implementation. The company adopted the use of ASP outsourcing model due to her limited budget in Information Technology. The use of Application Service Providers Outsourcing model has several advantages as compared to Traditional or partial outsourcing models. These successes include: the integration issues of application software are eliminated from the sit, reduced software application charges since the costs are spread over the customers, the possibility of vendors building more software application experiences, the main application software systems are kept updated and their performances managed by experts, and improved software scalability, reliability, availability and security of the information technology systems. This paper compares the common traditional information technology outsourcing models with the Application Service Provider Outsourcing models. It can be concluded that the ASPs comes with many benefits as compared to the traditional outsourcing models, hence should be

Library Assignment - Case Scenario Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Library Assignment - Scenario - Case Study Example Usually the management of a majority of health care institutions does not allow the nursing staff to take part in the important decision or in almost all the decisions. These decisions usually have significant impact on the future of nursing staff as well as the health care institutions. Under such circumstances when the nursing staff does not have power for contributing to the decisions that are related to them and their future, they usually end up feeling powerless. There are various sources from which nurses may obtain their power. First one is the requisite structure of the workplace that helps in supporting empowerment. The second source through which power can be found is by believing in ourselves and in our ability to get empowered. The third one is when the management makes nurses realize about the power that this occupation holds and relationship through which they provide care and affection to their patients. The research present on nursing demonstrates the relationship between two of the discussed sources of power. Yet there is still the need for conducting more research which discusses the ways of empowering the nurses. Granting the nursing staff the responsibilities of a decision maker may also make them empowered and as a result they may effectively identify the course of action and then take measures accordingly (Heathfield, 2013). There are several ways through which Nancy can make the staff to become empowered. Nancy must make the nursing staff feel that they are valued. Her intentions for the staff must be demonstrated through her word as well as her actions. Nancy should appreciate the hard work of the staff and share her leadership vision with them. Another action that Nancy must take to empower the employees is that they she should encourage them to contribute new ideas for the development of the hospital. For example, she may discuss with the staff the area of weakness that she has been noticing lately and then ask them to contribute

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Sociology - Essay Example We dint even bother about our luggage and the hotel people did all that to us and we just got to enter the room and relax. Since we knew English, it was easy for me to converse with the people over there. The only problem that I faced was the food and even that wasn’t an insurmountable problem because we always had different kinds of breads and egg and juices to fill our stomach when their dry preparations weren’t interesting enough for us. We went for site seeing and all with a tourist guide the night cruise in the Nile was simply fantabulous. We dint have problem washing our clothes because we were back to our room by 6 pm and we had enough time. My trip to Israel needs to be explained because that was the place where we saw ladies who were identical to the Virgin Mary. Their flawless skin and the glittering pink colour made me look at them without a wink. But one disappointment was that, when I was going through the shops along the way of the cross I bought some small memento like key chains and metal articles which were very expensive and only later I came to know that it wasn’t worth that amount. Then we left for Jordan and the greeneries and the flowers there impressed me a lot. The people all over the Middle East weren’t all the same in making us feel at

CutePet Store Essay Example for Free

CutePet Store Essay 1. Who is the target market for CutePet Store? Why? Target Markets This analysis requires the marketing department to recognize the needs of various consumer and business groups. 1. Benefit sought- company marketers will identify the benefits customers 2. Methods of reaching markets seeking and determine the various ways to reach customers. 3. Appeal to each market. 4. Needs not being met- needs and wants of individual groups 5. Demographic and psychographic profile of each market. (Promotion’ book) 1. Benefit sought One of the benefits that CutePet Store has is they offers the high-quality pet food, pet accessories and; healthy and care for the pet. Therefore, the suitable CutePet Store target markets are likely among specific individual customers, design professionals, pet care professionals and government agencies. 2. Methods of reaching markets CutePet attract their current customer and potential customers by communicate the products and services that they have offering. Customers have concerned and interested about CutePet Store through the products and services’ benefit, which have meet their need and wants. 3. Appeal to each market. As CutePet Store have offers the healthy and care for the pet, CutePet Store strategically placed near design professionals offices, veterinary offices and governments agencies, therefore, these target market can easily reach. CutePet also reaching the market are through Internet such as Facebook and website. Through the Internet, individual customer especially pet owner can explore the detail information about CutePet Store. 4. Needs not being met * Consumers consider the issue of quality of their pet foods, accessories and; healthy and care. For these things, they want give more money at premium price. CutePet Store have these following needs, consumers can have high quality product. * Consumers such as police departments need the collars for their dog to teach a pet not to bark. CutePet Store has sells high-tech collars such as those that use ultrasonics collars and this make CutePet Store some comparability to other pet store. * Consumers who want their pet healthier and clean. CutePet Store provides pet grooming. The main reasons for pet grooming include: * decreased chance of various health problems, such as thrush, scratches, and other skin problems * general cleanliness of the dog * monitoring of the dogs health by checking for cuts, heat, swelling, lameness, or changes in temperament, all of which could be indicative of illness * forging of a closer bond between dog and owner * Reducing infestation load of external parasites on skin. 5. Demographic and psychographic profile of each market. Individual consumers, design professionals, pet care professionals, and government agencies were selected as CutePet Store’s target market. a) Individual consumers Individual consumers such as pet owners of course CutePet Store target market. As well CutePet Store offers their consumers the high-quality pet food, accessories and; healthy and care, therefore, the demographic groups also have been specific narrow. CutePet Store more targeting the women, as well women make more pet purchasing decisions more than men since women are the consumers who subscribe to pet magazines and become more educated on pets and pet products. Women are also the consumers who take their time at pet stores to get themselves familiar with products. Women also spend time doing other research through the internet, gather information through word of mouth and listen to the advice given by veterinarians. Therefore, CutePet Store target market for individual consumers are likely to be individuals who are married, between the age of 35-54, lives in a town area, earns an income of approximately RM3000 and has one child. b) Design professionals Design professionals such as interior designer’s professionals, architects, and landscape architects, has been selected as a target market for these products as high-end models are designed to suit the needs of animals owner. Designers who have clients with pets will have access to a solution that is essential for their design, not outdated. c) Pet care professionals Next, pet care professionals such as veterinarians, breeders, kennels and pet day care centers also have special access to the most appropriate solution for their customers. Veterinarians recognize high health benefits for digestive health eating animals, as well as for joint, muscle and bone health of older animals. They also recognize the benefits and preferential flow instead of animals for stagnant water and can offer products to customers to address their healthcare customers required. Breeders, kennels and pet daycare centers can all have animal facilities. Some of these facilities meet the high-end customers who want the assurance that their pets are an existing or future well-kept. Special units of various animals we can meet the need to eat and drink animal and pet owners pet care professionals need to know that their pet receives the highest quality treatment. Veterinary medicine is the branch of science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease and injury in animals. Veterinary medicine is a broad scope, covering all species of animals, both domesticated and wild, with a variety of conditions that can affect different species. It is suitable as a unique target market for professional work field can influence other customers to try the products offered health. In addition, these people are also those who can give confidence to the consumers to buy as field work that reliability and dependability. d) Government Agencies Lastly, target market is government agencies. Government agencies such as police departments and fire departments have dog as their pet their animal services. CutePet Store take government agencies as target market by offer them to buy high-tech collars for their use when do dog training and also do hygienic care to make sure the dog stay clean.

The Role of Wiglaf in Beowulf Essay -- Beowulf Wiglaf Essays

The Role of Wiglaf in Beowulf Seemingly minor character Wiglaf plays a central role in the conclusion of Beowulf. A young knight who has never before seen battle, Wiglaf steps forward to help his lord, hero, and cousin Beowulf in a time of peril. With his failure in battle and resulting death, the narrator shows that Beowulf is, after all, a prideful and mortal being; thus begins the transfer of heroic status from the old king to the young knight. The narrator argues that Wiglaf is worthy of his abruptly acquired status even though his intentions may seem questionable. The end of the poem devotes a significant amount of lines to dialogue spoken by Wiglaf, signifying his newly crucial role in his kingdom and in the story. Inevitably, the noble youth progresses to a position of epic heroism, continuing Beowulf’s legacy and fulfilling his figurative role as the â€Å"treasure†¦won,/ bought and paid for by Beowulf’s death† (2843-2844). Beowulf’s strength fails him for the first time when he confronts the dragon. As he loses the futile battle that he pridefully insists on fighting alone, the narrative breaks from Beowulf’s peril and focuses on Wiglaf. With â€Å"wise and fluent words,† (2632) Wiglaf delivers a monologue in the poem rivaled in length and power by Beowulf alone. Clearly, Wiglaf has something profound to add to the story as the narrator spends considerable time quoting his sentiments while Beowulf is trying to slay an angry dragon in the background. Like the knight in The Wanderer, Wiglaf recounts the happy days in the mead hall with longing, and wishes to serve his lord with all his strength. Without Beowulf, the knights would be displaced, lonely, and without purpose. To inspire his comra... ...m â€Å"big and brave† (2837). Wiglaf has truly lived up to the poet’s and to Beowulf’s expectations. Upon Beowulf’s death, he says, â€Å"I give thanks / that I behold this treasure here in front of me, / that I have been allowed to leave my people / so well endowed† (2795-2798). As most of the gold ends up burning on the king’s funeral pyre, it is likely that the treasure Beowulf speaks of is Wiglaf, himself. The young knight has proven his abilities and will certainly serve his people well. The poet explains that â€Å"the treasure had been won, / bought and paid for by Beowulf’s death† (2843-2844). Wiglaf rises to the most significant role in the poem, as he achieves a level of heroism matched only by Beowulf in his younger years. He proves to be the treasure that compensates the king’s death, filling the resulting void in his kingdom and in the narrative.